What the Hell can I Eat?

Tyson Chicken & Labels, Greed and Truth

May 15, 2008 · No Comments

Short of going to the farm in person to see and buy our food, all we can do is read labels, so it’s an infuriating violation of trust when company greed skates around the facts to cash in on the big $$ of the latest food/health movement in this country.

The upside of Greed? Competitors are outing each other in the hopes of getting an edge. See below from the New York Times:

    Tyson Told to End an Antibiotic Claim

By STEPHANIE CLIFFORD
Published: April 23, 2008
A federal judge issued a preliminary injunction Tuesday ordering Tyson Foods to withdraw advertisements claiming its chickens are ”raised without antibiotics that impact antibiotic resistance in humans.”

Tyson said it would appeal the decision.

The ruling was made by Judge Richard D. Bennett in the United States District Court in Baltimore.

Two competitors, Sanderson Farms and Perdue Farms, had objected to the ads by Tyson and said Tyson had injected its eggs with antibiotics and used antibiotic molecules in its feed.

READ THE FULL TEXT HERE
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B03E3DC153CF930A15757C0A96E9C8B63&scp=2&sq=tyson+foods&st=nyt

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This and that, and that again.

May 14, 2008 · No Comments

Sorry I’ve been dragging my feet a bit in posting. My usually over-spinning mind has been somewhat distracted by 8 month-olds trying to walk already and 2 year old big sisters doing all they can to push said 8 month-olds back down (and steal their Binky’s, drink their bottles and eat their baby food).

Also it’s been crunch-time at work.

And then there’s The Old Wreck, our place in the Catskills that brings to mind Green Acres and The Money Pit with just a hint of Deliverance underneath.
Makes you want to visit, dunn’it??

Anyhoo, on the Raw Milk front (which my mom insists on calling “country milk”, saying that the other name gives her the willies and the creeps), we are once again flush.
This past weekend we met up at The Old Wreck to shiver a bit amidst un-heated construction debris, grill fresh grass fed beef and buffalo out back, and cull giant deadly tree limbs from the ancient dying willow in the side yard.

Mom hooked us up big-time with the milk and the meat, which had all come fresh from the farm the day before. She took pictures for me to post with her handy-dandy digital camera but alas, they were all weird MySpace angles of cow-heads from inside the car as I think she’s kinda scared of large moving creatures off a leash.
Ok, she’ll be mad about that one and say it’s not true, but the pix were blurry at any rate so we’ll try again next time!

It was a great time, actually, even with trying to keep the kiddies away from the portable space heaters all Saturday night and the cool breeze that chased the heat off the sun on Mother’s Day.

And once again, the kids and I and the husband are all fine and dandy and the baby is sucking the fresh milk down faster (literally) than I can keep the Weston Price recipe made! And did I say he was, like, cruising already at 8 months? (No, not as in the Al Pacino movie but as in nearly WALKING). He’s also incredibly strong, like a person kind of strong. And smart? He tries to color with crayons and push the elevator buttons and even has his own little baby versions of practical jokes.
Both kids are happy, healthy and waaaay too precocious for their own good. And mine!

The freshly “processed” meat was a stunning color, bright and red, grilling up juicy and moist with a really great beef flavor, almost like steak. I’m definitely going to get a big freezer and buy a bit more at a time.

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Bush administration Sued over Pesticides

May 12, 2008 · No Comments

In yet another stunning (though hardly surprising) example of our government’s
favor of shady deals for lobbyists over concern for it’s citizen’s health (as well as yet more proof that the E.P.A is basically the White House’s hand puppet), several groups have turned to SUING over the allowance of known toxic pesticides.

    READ MORE HERE:
    Government sued after approving 4 pesticides
    Bob Egelko, Chronicle Staff Writer
    Tuesday, April 8, 2008

    Environmental and farmworker advocates have sued the Bush administration for allowing the continued use of four pesticides, saying the government brushed aside its own findings that the chemicals are dangerous to workers, children and wildlife.

    The suit, filed Friday in U.S. District Court in San Francisco, challenged the Environmental Protection Agency’s decision in 2006 to reauthorize the four pesticides sprayed on fruit and vegetable fields in California.

FULL STORY HERE:
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/04/08/BA6P101C4R.DTL

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Confusion Abounds!

May 9, 2008 · No Comments

Yesterday, I had a surprising conversation with my mom by phone. She was calling to check in about a few things. Things like bread wrappers, Tupperware and companies like General Mills and Pepsi co.

It seems that she and some of her friends were still a bit confused (ok, they were more confused than ever!) by the copious amounts of information that’s nearly impossible to keep up on.

One friend wanted to know if she should throw out all of her old Tupperware containers. My mom asked how she could tell if the glaze on certain ceramics was food safe. Another friend was contemplating giving up her favorite whole grain bread as it only comes in that clear cello-type wrapping.

Frankly, I feel badly. Things are getting more and not LESS confusing! Shoot.

To help clarify a bit, here’s a quickie “cheat sheet” if you want to pass it on:

How to tell if something is truly Organic:
look for the USDA Organic seal. The requirements for this stamp are pretty stringent and it means that 95% (but not 100%) of that product is certified organic.
(NOTE: I know that I point out how some Organic companies often sneak in non-organic stuff halfway down the ingredient list, even with that seal on the package, but 95% is pretty good and it’s much better the ingredients in most conventional grocery products. Still, if you’re determined to stay 100% Organic then you gotta read that ingredient list!)

Which Brands to Trust:
Again, In the past I’ve posted about how numerous small farms and companies are being bought up by large conglomerates such as General Mills and Pepsi, yet the packaging is left to appear deceptively “small farm”.
This is also a political issue, not just about the food.

Listen, just because the parent company is, for example, General Mills, doesn’t necessarily mean that the food is “bad” or no longer organic. It merits a closer look and is just good to know that’s all.
If the company is still growing the food using organic and sustainable farming methods, humane treatment of it’s livestock, and whatever else it originally says it did, and you like the product, then keep on buying it!
Of course, the fact usually is that the larger the farm the more difficult this type of management becomes, but they still must adhere to the requirements set forth by the USDA organic seal so again, look for that and at the ingredients. Also, don’t be shy! ALL foods have an 800 phone number to call for more information. Got a question? Ask it! (more on this point later as I will be posting the responses I got from Amy’s and Annies regarding my own queries of their ingredients).

Remember too, the ingredient list goes in order of most to least.
The first ingredient on the list is what that product is mostly made of, then the next ingredient is the second most etc..and so on. So if a product markets itself as ‘pommegranate juice’, for example, but the first ingredient is apple juice and pommegranate isn’t until half way down the product, skip it.).

PLASTICS:
YES, this is confusing. But basically, if you only keep DRY GOODS in them, and never hot, frozen or liquid foods, you will do a lot to diminish leaching.

Also, bisphenol A typically makes plastics hard and clear, so if the plastic has an opaque or milky color it likely does NOT contain bisphenol A. Having said that, there are many things in plastic besides bisphenol A.

If you must put liquid, gravies or other cooked food in plastic then simply make sure that it is cool (not warm) when you transfer it to the container. And never EVER heat food in them! First transfer the food to a glass (or Corning Ware, china, Pyrex or other type of ceramic or glass) bowl or plate and then heat it up.

If you buy something that only comes covered in cling wrap, one thing to do is to remove this wrap as soon as you get home and then re-wrap the food (cheese, meat, etc) in WAX PAPER first, then you can re-wrap the cling wrap to reuse it. Or else use foil, which doesn’t leach and is also recyclable.

For items such as bread, I also often wrap them in wax first and then back to the plastic, though this is NOT always very practical. Recycled paper bags or waxed paper bread sacks are fine, in terms of food safety, but if the bread you love only comes in the plastic wrapper then don’t stop eating it!
The benefit of the whole grains will likely far outweigh any minimal risk from the wrapper as bread is never put in those while hot or else they would melt!

Hope this helps in terms of Food Safety!

    For those of you also trying to live “green” (and I hope that’s all of us in some form) other great ideas are:

-Resist any use of plastic when other choices are possible! Use your own reusable fabric bags for shopping. Paper, even recycled to some extent, has an impact and contributes to deforestation.

-Use glass for home food storage. Write to businesses that sell things in plastic bottles to say you are choosing not to buy their products because of this. Encourage them to think responsibly and change their ways and habits.

As we all know now, $$ talks, even when morals walk…

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The Milk Wars

May 2, 2008 · 1 Comment

My newfound excitement in finding a few excellent sources for the illicit pale stuff (through my “connection”, aka Mom in upstate N.Y.) has been quickly tempered by yesterday’s news of more harassment and arrests in the government’s War Against Milk.

Is this seriously where the powers that be need to be spending $$ and cracking down?

Could dairy farmers truly be such a threat to national security?

Might Raw Milk be the next Methamphetmine???

Raw milk lovers upset over Amish arrest
BY MATTHEW LYSIAK
DAILY NEWS WRITER
Thursday, May 1st 2008, 4:00 AM
It’s the milk spill that crossed state lines.
Brooklyn raw milk enthusiasts are crying over the loss of their supplier - a horse and buggy-driving Amish farmer from Pennsylvania.
Mark Nolt of New Line, Pa., was arrested and shut down last Friday for selling the contraband.
“Oh God. My heart is pounding. I can’t believe what a God—- police state this is,” said one Brooklyn customer who made monthly pickups of raw dairy products from Nolt that the farmer had dropped off in Manhattan by workers.

http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/brooklyn/2008/05/01/2008-05-01_raw_milk_lovers_upset_over_amish_arrest.html

Missed my previous Posts about Raw Milk? Go to Archives!

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Helping the Honey Bees

May 1, 2008 · No Comments

I’ve been thinking a lot about the bees lately.

For one thing, I’m a honey freak, just luv the stuff. All varieties, shapes and sizes. If keeping bees were easier I’d do it in my own apartment.

Even my 2 year old daughter knows that “the bees collect pollen to help make honey to put into mommy’s tea!”
Oh, and for Winnie the Pooh, of course.

So naturally, when I saw the Bee Movie on Pay Per View I decided to let her watch it.
T.V. in our house is a limited thing that I try to keep to educational stuff but, hey, it’s about a BEE!
Plus I really needed a break.

And there we sat together, this past weekend, on the living room floor with the baby boy, she and I watching the movie, he pretty much crawling around grabbing and drooling on everything his fat little fingers could reach.
And then came the part in the flick (sorry if you haven’t seen it yet) where the bees stop working (it was sort of a union-type thing) and all of the flowers and trees start to die!

YIKES. Guess it was more educational than I thought. And not as annoying as I feared it might be, given how heavily it was promoted (which usually puts me off something for good).

But back to the bees. As we all know, the little guys are in trouble. Not cartoon trouble, real possibly dwindling into extinction trouble!
I started wondering how climate change, pollution, pesticides and other matters must be impacting them and how that a lot of that must be in our power to control. If we want to.

Here, a little info on how we can help the Bees:

What We Can Do to Help the Honey bees?
Marla Spivak and Gary Reuter, Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota
Reprinted from the Yard and Garden Line Newsletter (May 1, 2007)

Honey bee colonies in the U.S. are overworked and under-appreciated. They are the world’s most important pollinators of many fruits, vegetables and seed crops, contributing billions of dollars in value to agriculture and our diet. Bees also pollinate wildflowers in our natural ecosystems and much of what we plant in our home gardens. Without honey bees, and other bee pollinators, the produce section in our grocery stores would have about 1/3 fewer fruits and vegetables and it is impossible to estimate how many flowers would not set seed.

click here to read full text:
http://www.vegedge.umn.edu/MNFruit&VegNews/Vol4/511bee.htm

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That’s the Spirit!

May 1, 2008 · No Comments

This is a farm near my mom that sells compost as well as grass-fed milk. This is definitely a place where I’ll be happy to spend my money.

Guptill Farms powers its tractors with grease

Duffett, Claire
SOUTH ONONDAGA - After four-and-a-half years, South Onondagabased Guptill Farms’ biodiesel plant is up and running.

The dairy farm, with the help of Waste Not Resource Solutions, Inc. (WNRC), will manufacture fuel derived from leftover animal fats and vegetable oils from area restaurants and grocers, including Wegmans Supermarkets and Eurest Dining Services, says Brian Jerose, WNRC principal.

Link to the Article HERE:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3718/is_200605/ai_n17179585

For Dairy:
http://www.toadhollowfarms.com/?q=node/5

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More Reasons to keep Tots Chemical-Free

April 30, 2008 · No Comments

Both during and after birth, our tiny ones are just so unbelievably vulnerable. Their systems, their tissue, their organs. Heck, their size.

We know it’s important for all of us, but it’s soooo hard to keep it all straight sometimes, not to mention the extra work of finding quality products.
But let’s not forget why we are doing it, that it really does make a difference.

CHECK OUT THE FOLLOWING IF YOU NEED TO BE REMINDED:
Click on THE IMAGE IN THIS LINK to see the study here:

    (and click around in the study, there is a lot of very startling information contained)
    http://archive.ewg.org/reports/bodyburden2/

    FROM THE WASHINGTON POST:
    …Autoimmune diseases — a group of about 100 conditions in which the body’s immune system turns on the body itself — are reaching epidemic proportions. In the past decade, 15 top medical journals have reported rising rates of lupus, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, Crohn’s disease, Addison’s disease and polymyositis in industrialized countries around the world. Over the past 40 years, rates of Type 1 diabetes have increased fivefold; in children 4 and under, it’s increasing 6 percent a year.

    LINK TO ARTICLE HERE:
    http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/14/AR2008031403386.html

      VACCINE CONCERNS BEGIN TO GET SUPPORT IN COURT:

    The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
    Published on: 03/06/08
    In a move autism family advocates call unprecedented, federal health officials have concluded that childhood vaccines contributed to symptoms of the disorder in a 9-year-old Georgia girl.
    Link to the story HERE:
    http://www.ajc.com/search/content/health/stories/2008/03/06/autism_0306.html

      FEEDING FORMULA? THEN READ THIS ABOUT CONTAINERS:

    Liquid infant formula from the top manufacturers is sold in cans lined with a toxic chemical linked to reproductive disorders and neurobehavioral problems in laboratory animals, according to an investigation by Environmental Working Group (EWG). The chemical is almost as common in the packaging of powdered formula, with 4 of the top 5 companies acknowledging its use.

    LINK TO FULL ARTICLE:
    http://www.ewg.org/reports/infantformula

    AND MORE HERE:

    FDA relied on industry studies to judge safety

Response comes in congressional inquiry on use of bisphenol A

By SUSANNE RUST
srust@journalsentinel.com

Posted: March 21, 2008

Ignoring hundreds of government and academic studies showing a chemical commonly found in plastic can be harmful to lab animals at low doses, the Food and Drug Administration determined the chemical was safe based on just two industry-funded studies that didn’t find harm.

http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=730965

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Modern Day Marco Polos

April 30, 2008 · No Comments

I literally cannot shop, or EAT, now without stopping to consider so many issues that I swear my coupons expire and my food gets cold before I’m finished with either.

Hell, maybe that’s how it should have been for a long time now. Maybe then we wouldn’t be in this tangled mess.
Hopefully, it’s just the backlash against not thinking for so long and that eventually (soon?) health, conservation and ecology will just be another “auto pilot” consideration in what we all do. At least that’s the way a lot of media are spinning it, perhaps so that we all won’t get sick of buying papers!

Here’s what got me thinking today:

    From Today’s New York Times:
    Cod caught off Norway is shipped to China to be turned into filets, then shipped back to Norway for sale. Argentine lemons fill supermarket shelves on the Citrus Coast of Spain, as local lemons rot on the ground. Half of Europe’s peas are grown and packaged in Kenya.

    Read the article here:
    http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/26/business/worldbusiness/26food.html?em&ex=1209700800&en=03d8ba458769a5d4&ei=5087%0A

    Oh GREAT, my skin looks fantastic but apparently I’m more toxic than I even knew!

    Oxybenzone may disrupt the human hormone system
    Studies on cells and laboratory animals indicate that oxybenzone and its metabolites, the chemicals the body makes from oxybenzone in an attempt to detoxify and excrete it, may disrupt the hormone system. Under study conditions, oxybenzone and its metabolites cause weak estrogenic (Nakagawa 2002; Schlumpf 2001, 2004; Kunz 2006; van Liempd 2007) and anti-androgenic (Ma 2003) effects. Oxybenzone displays additive hormonal effects when tested with other sunscreen chemicals (Heneweer 2005). Laboratory study also suggests that oxybenzone may affect the adrenal hormone system (Ziolkowska 2006)
    http://www.ewg.org/node/26212

    and sadly this: Could the Heparin deaths really have been because of Greed?

    http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/30/health/policy/30heparin.html?em&ex=1209700800&en=2c7f1b380ee3057e&ei=5087%0A

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Time for a LONG, pissed off vent

April 24, 2008 · 3 Comments

Just because I don’t like too much time to pass between my rants against Government-sponsored mass medication of it’s citizens (aka water fluoridation), I’d like to take this opportunity to reiterate:

1) Yes, nuts as it makes me sound, Fluoride is a neurotoxic waste product of many industrial processes, mainly the manufacture of fertilizer (mmmmm yum!).

2) Some forms of fluoride are worse then others, NONE of them help prevent tooth decay when ingested (and in fact, just shouldn’t BE ingested. Period.).

3) Just in case I didn’t make a fine enough point above: you really shouldn’t drink the stuff or give it to your children.

Go ahead, humor me, check out the links below (and hey, if I’m wrong just think of the giggle you’ll get out of my paranoia!).

The National Academic Press
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11571

The CDC
http://www.cdc.gov/Fluoridation/fact_sheets/engineering/wfadditives.htm

Healthy News Service
http://www.healthy.net/scr/news.asp?Id=9005

The Fluoride Action Network
http://www.fluoridealert.org/ifin-230.htm

Natural News
http://www.naturalnews.com/022863.html

AND
http://www.naturalnews.com/021730.html

And in case you still think that your government would never allow any unproven vaccine or medication into your system, please refer to history:

    This timeline, originally put together by Dani Veracity (a NaturalNews reporter), has been edited and updated with recent vaccination experimentation programs in Maryland and New Jersey.
    I’ve trimmed this down for space but you can see the entire, ghastly list of crimes here:
    http://www.naturalnews.com/022383.html

    (Please ignore the crazy smiley faces that pop up from time to time. Or think of them as you might Jack Nicholson in The Shining…)

    (1845 - 1849) J. Marion Sims, later hailed as the “father of gynecology,” performs medical experiments on enslaved African women without anesthesia. These women would usually die of infection soon after surgery. Based on his belief that the movement of newborns’ skull bones during protracted births causes trismus, he also uses a shoemaker’s awl, a pointed tool shoemakers use to make holes in leather, to practice moving the skull bones of babies born to enslaved mothers (Brinker).

    (1895)

    New York pediatrician Henry Heiman infects a 4-year-old boy whom he calls “an idiot with chronic epilepsy” with gonorrhea as part of a medical experiment (”Human Experimentation: Before the Nazi Era and After”).

    (1896)

    Dr. Arthur Wentworth turns 29 children at Boston’s Children’s Hospital into human guinea pigs when he performs spinal taps on them, just to test whether the procedure is harmful (Sharav).

    (1906)

    Harvard professor Dr. Richard Strong infects prisoners in the Philippines with cholera to study the disease; 13 of them die. He compensates survivors with cigars and cigarettes. During the Nuremberg Trials, Nazi doctors cite this study to justify their own medical experiments (Greger, Sharav).

    (1911)

    Dr. Hideyo Noguchi of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research publishes data on injecting an inactive syphilis preparation into the skin of 146 hospital patients and normal children in an attempt to develop a skin test for syphilis. Later, in 1913, several of these children’s parents sue Dr. Noguchi for allegedly infecting their children with syphilis (”Reviews and Notes: History of Medicine: Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America before the Second World War”).

    (1913)

    Medical experimenters “test” 15 children at the children’s home St. Vincent’s House in Philadelphia with tuberculin, resulting in permanent blindness in some of the children. Though the Pennsylvania House of Representatives records the incident, the researchers are not punished for the experiments (”Human Experimentation: Before the Nazi Era and After”).

    (1915)

    Dr. Joseph Goldberger, under order of the U.S. Public Health Office, produces Pellagra, a debilitating disease that affects the central nervous system, in 12 Mississippi inmates to try to find a cure for the disease. One test subject later says that he had been through “a thousand hells.” In 1935, after millions die from the disease, the director of the U.S Public Health Office would finally admit that officials had known that it was caused by a niacin deficiency for some time, but did nothing about it because it mostly affected poor African-Americans. During the Nuremberg Trials, Nazi doctors used this study to try to justify their medical experiments on concentration camp inmates (Greger; Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

    (1932)

    (1932-1972) The U.S. Public Health Service in Tuskegee, Ala. diagnoses 400 poor, black sharecroppers with syphilis but never tells them of their illness nor treats them; instead researchers use the men as human guinea pigs to follow the symptoms and progression of the disease. They all eventually die from syphilis and their families are never told that they could have been treated (Goliszek, University of Virginia Health System Health Sciences Library).

    (1939)

    In order to test his theory on the roots of stuttering, prominent speech pathologist Dr. Wendell Johnson performs his famous “Monster Experiment” on 22 children at the Iowa Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home in Davenport. Dr. Johnson and his graduate students put the children under intense psychological pressure, causing them to switch from speaking normally to stuttering heavily. At the time, some of the students reportedly warn Dr. Johnson that, “in the aftermath of World War II, observers might draw comparisons to Nazi experiments on human subjects, which could destroy his career” (Alliance for Human Research Protection).

    (1941)

    Dr. William C. Black infects a 12-month-old baby with herpes as part of a medical experiment. At the time, the editor of the Journal of Experimental Medicine, Francis Payton Rous, calls it “an abuse of power, an infringement of the rights of an individual, and not excusable because the illness which followed had implications for science” (Sharav).

    An article in a 1941 issue of Archives of Pediatrics describes medical studies of the severe gum disease Vincent’s angina in which doctors transmit the disease from sick children to healthy children with oral swabs (Goliszek).

    Researchers give 800 poverty-stricken pregnant women at a Vanderbilt University prenatal clinic “cocktails” including radioactive iron in order to determine the iron requirements of pregnant women (Pacchioli).

    (1942)

    The Chemical Warfare Service begins mustard gas and lewisite experiments on 4,000 members of the U.S. military. Some test subjects don’t realize they are volunteering for chemical exposure experiments, like 17-year-old Nathan Schnurman, who in 1944 thinks he is only volunteering to test “U.S. Navy summer clothes” (Goliszek).

    Merck Pharmaceuticals President George Merck is named director of the War Research Service (WRS), an agency designed to oversee the establishment of a biological warfare program (Goliszek).

    (1944 - 1946) A captain in the medical corps addresses an April 1944 memo to Col. Stanford Warren, head of the Manhattan Project’s Medical Section, expressing his concerns about atom bomb component fluoride’s central nervous system (CNS) effects and asking for animal research to be done to determine the extent of these effects: “Clinical evidence suggests that uranium hexafluoride may have a rather marked central nervous system effect … It seems most likely that the F [code for fluoride] component rather than the T [code for uranium] is the causative factor … Since work with these compounds is essential, it will be necessary to know in advance what mental effects may occur after exposure.” The following year, the Manhattan Project would begin human-based studies on fluoride’s effects (Griffiths and Bryson).

    The Manhattan Project medical team, led by the now infamous University of Rochester radiologist Col. Safford Warren, injects plutonium into patients at the University’s teaching hospital, Strong Memorial (Burton Report).

    (1945)

    Continuing the Manhattan Project, researchers inject plutonium into three patients at the University of Chicago’s Billings Hospital (Sharav).

    The U.S. State Department, Army intelligence and the CIA begin Operation Paperclip, offering Nazi scientists immunity and secret identities in exchange for work on top-secret government projects on aerodynamics and chemical warfare medicine in the United States (”Project Paperclip”).

    (1945 - 1955)

      In Newburgh, N.Y., researchers linked to the Manhattan Project begin the most extensive American study ever done on the health effects of fluoridating public drinking water

    (Griffiths and Bryson).

    (1946)

    Continuing the Newburg study of 1945, the Manhattan Project commissions the University of Rochester to study fluoride’s effects on animals and humans in a project codenamed “Program F.” With the help of the New York State Health Department, Program F researchers secretly collect and analyze blood and tissue samples from Newburg residents. The studies are sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission and take place at the University of Rochester Medical Center’s Strong Memorial Hospital (Griffiths and Bryson).

    (1946 - 1947) University of Rochester researchers inject four male and two female human test subjects with uranium-234 and uranium-235 in dosages ranging from 6.4 to 70.7 micrograms per one kilogram of body weight in order to study how much uranium they could tolerate before their kidneys become damaged (Goliszek).

    Six male employees of a Chicago metallurgical laboratory are given water contaminated with plutonium-239 to drink so that researchers can learn how plutonium is absorbed into the digestive tract (Goliszek).

    Researchers begin using patients in VA hospitals as test subjects for human medical experiments, cleverly worded as “investigations” or “observations” in medical study reports to avoid negative connotations and bad publicity (Sharav).

    (1947)

    Col. E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) issues a top-secret document (707075) dated Jan. 8. In it, he writes that “certain radioactive substances are being prepared for intravenous administration to human subjects as a part of the work of the contract” (Goliszek).

    A secret AEC document dated April 17 reads, “It is desired that no document be released which refers to experiments with humans that might have an adverse reaction on public opinion or result in legal suits,” revealing that the U.S. government was aware of the health risks its nuclear tests posed to military personnel conducting the tests or nearby civilians (Goliszek).

    The CIA begins studying LSD’s potential as a weapon by using military and civilian test subjects for experiments without their consent or even knowledge. Eventually, these LSD studies will evolve into the MKULTRA program in 1953 (Sharav).

    (1947 - 1953) The U.S. Navy begins Project Chatter to identify and test so-called “truth serums,” such as those used by the Soviet Union to interrogate spies. Mescaline and the central nervous system depressant scopolamine are among the many drugs tested on human subjects (Goliszek).

    (194 8)

    Based on the secret studies performed on Newburgh, N.Y. residents beginning in 1945, Project F researchers publish a report in the August 1948 edition of the Journal of the American Dental Association, detailing fluoride’s health dangers. The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) quickly censors it for “national security” reasons (Griffiths and Bryson).

    (1950)

    (1950 - 1953) The U.S. Army releases chemical clouds over six American and Canadian cities. Residents in Winnipeg, Canada, where a highly toxic chemical called cadmium is dropped, subsequently experience high rates of respiratory illnesses (Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

    In order to determine how susceptible an American city could be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of Bacillus globigii bacteria from ships over the San Francisco shoreline. According to monitoring devices situated throughout the city to test the extent of infection, the eight thousand residents of San Francisco inhale five thousand or more bacteria particles, many becoming sick with pneumonia-like symptoms (Goliszek).

    Dr. Joseph Strokes of the University of Pennsylvania infects 200 female prisoners with viral hepatitis to study the disease (Sharav).

    Doctors at the Cleveland City Hospital study changes in cerebral blood flow by injecting test subjects with spinal anesthesia, inserting needles in their jugular veins and brachial arteries, tilting their heads down and, after massive blood loss causes paralysis and fainting, measuring their blood pressure. They often perform this experiment multiple times on the same subject (Goliszek).

    Dr. D. Ewen Cameron, later of MKULTRA infamy due to his 1957 to1964 experiments on Canadians, publishes an article in the British Journal of Physical Medicine, in which he describes experiments that entail forcing schizophrenic patients at Manitoba’s Brandon Mental Hospital to lie naked under 15- to 200-watt red lamps for up to eight hours per day. His other experiments include placing mental patients in an electric cage that overheats their internal body temperatures to 103 degrees Fahrenheit, and inducing comas by giving patients large injections of insulin (Goliszek).

    (1951)

    The U.S. Army secretly contaminates the Norfolk Naval Supply Center in Virginia and Washington, D.C.’s National Airport with a strain of bacteria chosen because African-Americans were believed to be more susceptible to it than Caucasians. The experiment causes food poisoning, respiratory problems and blood poisoning (Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

    (1951 - 1956) Under contract with the Air Force’s School of Aviation Medicine (SAM), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston begins studying the effects of radiation on cancer patients — many of them members of minority groups or indigents, according to sources — in order to determine both radiation’s ability to treat cancer and the possible long-term radiation effects of pilots flying nuclear-powered planes. The study lasts until 1956, involving 263 cancer patients. Beginning in 1953, the subjects are required to sign a waiver form, but it still does not meet the informed consent guidelines established by the Wilson memo released that year. The TBI studies themselves would continue at four different institutions — Baylor University College of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Bethesda and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine — until 1971 (U.S. Department of Energy, Goliszek).

    American, Canadian and British military and intelligence officials gather a small group of eminent psychologists to a secret meeting at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Montreal about Communist “thought-control techniques.” They proposed a top-secret research program on behavior modification — involving testing drugs, hypnosis, electroshock and lobotomies on humans (Barker).

    (1952)

    At the famous Sloan-Kettering Institute, Chester M. Southam injects live cancer cells into prisoners at the Ohio State Prison to study the progression of the disease. Half of the prisoners in this National Institutes of Health-sponsored (NIH) study are black, awakening racial suspicions stemming from Tuskegee, which was also an NIH-sponsored study (Merritte, et al.).

    (1953 - 1974) The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) sponsors iodine studies at the University of Iowa. In the first study, researchers give pregnant women 100 to 200 microcuries of iodine-131 and then study the women’s aborted embryos in order to learn at what stage and to what extent radioactive iodine crosses the placental barrier. In the second study, researchers give 12 male and 13 female newborns under 36 hours old and weighing between 5.5 and 8.5 pounds iodine-131 either orally or via intramuscular injection, later measuring the concentration of iodine in the newborns’ thyroid glands (Goliszek).

    As part of an AEC study, researchers feed 28 healthy infants at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine iodine-131 through a gastric tube and then test concentration of iodine in the infants’ thyroid glands 24 hours later (Goliszek).

    (1953 - 1957) Eleven patients at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston are injected with uranium as part of the Manhattan Project (Sharav).

    In an AEC-sponsored study at the University of Tennessee, researchers inject healthy two- to three-day-old newborns with approximately 60 rads of iodine-131 (Goliszek).

    Newborn Daniel Burton becomes blind when physicians at Brooklyn Doctors Hospital perform an experimental high oxygen treatment for Retrolental Fibroplasia, a retinal disorder affecting premature infants, on him and other premature babies. The physicians perform the experimental treatment despite earlier studies showing that high oxygen levels cause blindness. Testimony in Burton v. Brooklyn Doctors Hospital (452 N.Y.S.2d875) later reveals that researchers continued to give Burton and other infants excess oxygen even after their eyes had swelled to dangerous levels (Goliszek, Sharav).

    A 1953 article in Clinical Science describes a medical experiment in which researchers purposely blister the abdomens of 41 children, ranging in age from eight to 14, with cantharide in order to study how severely the substance irritates the skin (Goliszek).

    The AEC performs a series of field tests known as “Green Run,” dropping radiodine 131 and xenon 133 over the Hanford, Wash. site — 500,000 acres encompassing three small towns (Hanford, White Bluffs and Richland) along the Columbia River (Sharav).

    In an AEC-sponsored study to learn whether radioactive iodine affects premature babies differently from full-term babies, researchers at Harper Hospital in Detroit give oral doses of iodine-131 to 65 premature and full-term infants weighing between 2.1 and 5.5 pounds (Goliszek).

    (1955 - 1957) In order to learn how cold weather affects human physiology, researchers give a total of 200 doses of iodine-131, a radioactive tracer that concentrates almost immediately in the thyroid gland, to 85 healthy Eskimos and 17 Athapascan Indians living in Alaska. They study the tracer within the body by blood, thyroid tissue, urine and saliva samples from the test subjects. Due to the language barrier, no one tells the test subjects what is being done to them, so there is no informed consent (Goliszek).

    (1956 - 1957) U.S. Army covert biological weapons researchers release mosquitoes infected with yellow fever and dengue fever over Savannah, Ga., and Avon Park, Fla., to test the insects’ ability to carry disease. After each test, Army agents pose as public health officials to test victims for effects and take pictures of the unwitting test subjects. These experiments result in a high incidence of fevers, respiratory distress, stillbirths, encephalitis and typhoid among the two cities’ residents, as well as several deaths (Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

    (1957)

    The U.S. military conducts Operation Plumbbob at the Nevada Test Site, 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. Operation Pumbbob consists of 29 nuclear detonations, eventually creating radiation expected to result in a total 32,000 cases of thyroid cancer among civilians in the area. Around 18,000 members of the U.S. military participate in Operation Pumbbob’s Desert Rock VII and VIII, which are designed to see how the average foot soldier physiologically and mentally responds to a nuclear battlefield (”Operation Plumbbob”, Goliszek).

    (1957 - 1964) As part of MKULTRA, the CIA pays McGill University Department of Psychiatry founder Dr. D. Ewen Cameron $69,000 to perform LSD studies and potentially lethal experiments on Canadians being treated for minor disorders like post-partum depression and anxiety at the Allan Memorial Institute, which houses the Psychiatry Department of the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal. The CIA encourages Dr. Cameron to fully explore his “psychic driving” concept of correcting madness through completely erasing one’s memory and rewriting the psyche. These “driving” experiments involve putting human test subjects into drug-, electroshock- and sensory deprivation-induced vegetative states for up to three months, and then playing tape loops of noise or simple repetitive statements for weeks or months in order to “rewrite” the “erased” psyche. Dr. Cameron also gives human test subjects paralytic drugs and electroconvulsive therapy 30 to 40 times, as part of his experiments. Most of Dr. Cameron’s test subjects suffer permanent damage as a result of his work (Goliszek, “Donald Ewan Cameron”).

    In order to study how blood flows through children’s brains, researchers at Children’s Hospital in Philadelphia perform the following experiment on healthy children, ranging in age from three to 11: They insert needles into each child’s femoral artery (thigh) and jugular vein (neck), bringing the blood down from the brain. Then, they force each child to inhale a special gas through a facemask. In their subsequent Journal of Clinical Investigation article on this study, the researchers note that, in order to perform the experiment, they had to restrain some of the child test subjects by bandaging them to boards (Goliszek).

    (195 8)

    The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) drops radioactive materials over Point Hope, Alaska, home to the Inupiats, in a field test known under the codename “Project Chariot” (Sharav).

    (1962)

    Researchers at the Laurel Children’s Center in Maryland test experimental acne antibiotics on children and continue their tests even after half of the young test subjects develop severe liver damage because of the experimental medication (Goliszek).

    The FDA begins requiring that a new pharmaceutical undergo three human clinical trials before it will approve it. From 1962 to 1980, pharmaceutical companies satisfy this requirement by running Phase I trials, which determine a drug’s toxicity, on prison inmates, giving them small amounts of cash for compensation (Sharav).

    (1963)

    Chester M. Southam, who injected Ohio State Prison inmates with live cancer cells in 1952, performs the same procedure on 22 senile, African-American female patients at the Brooklyn Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital in order to watch their immunological response. Southam tells the patients that they are receiving “some cells,” but leaves out the fact that they are cancer cells. He claims he doesn’t obtain informed consent from the patients because he does not want to frighten them by telling them what he is doing, but he nevertheless temporarily loses his medical license because of it. Ironically, he eventually becomes president of the American Cancer Society (Greger, Merritte, et al.).

    Researchers at the University of Washington directly irradiate the testes of 232 prison inmates in order to determine radiation’s effects on testicular function. When these inmates later leave prison and have children, at least four have babies born with birth defects. The exact number is unknown because researchers never follow up on the men to see the long-term effects of their experiment (Goliszek).

    (1963 - 1966) New York University researcher Saul Krugman promises parents with mentally disabled children definite enrollment into the Willowbrook State School in Staten Island, N.Y., a resident mental institution for mentally retarded children, in exchange for their signatures on a consent form for procedures presented as “vaccinations.” In reality, the procedures involve deliberately infecting children with viral hepatitis by feeding them an extract made from the feces of infected patients, so that Krugman can study the course of viral hepatitis as well the effectiveness of a hepatitis vaccine (Hammer Breslow).

    (1963 - 1971) Leading endocrinologist Dr. Carl Heller gives 67 prison inmates at Oregon State Prison in Salem $5 per month and $25 per testicular tissue biopsy in compensation for allowing him to perform irradiation experiments on their testes. If they receive vasectomies at the end of the study, the prisoners are given an extra $100 (Sharav, Goliszek).

    Researchers inject a genetic compound called radioactive thymidine into the testicles of more than 100 Oregon State Penitentiary inmates to learn whether sperm production is affected by exposure to steroid hormones (Greger).

    In a study published in Pediatrics, researchers at the University of California’s Department of Pediatrics use 113 newborns ranging in age from one hour to three days old in a series of experiments used to study changes in blood pressure and blood flow. In one study, doctors insert a catheter through the newborns’ umbilical arteries and into their aortas and then immerse the newborns’ feet in ice water while recording aortic pressure. In another experiment, doctors strap 50 newborns to a circumcision board, tilt the table so that all the blood rushes to their heads and then measure their blood pressure (Goliszek).

    (1964 - 1967) The Dow Chemical Company pays Professor Kligman $10,000 to learn how dioxin — a highly toxic, carcinogenic component of Agent Orange — and other herbicides affect human skin because workers at the chemical plant have been developing an acne-like condition called Chloracne and the company would like to know whether the chemicals they are handling are to blame. As part of the study, Professor Kligman applies roughly the amount of dioxin Dow employees are exposed to on the skin 60 prisoners, and is disappointed when the prisoners show no symptoms of Chloracne. In 1980 and 1981, the human guinea pigs used in this study would begin suing Professor Kligman for complications including lupus and psychological damage (Kaye).

    (1965)

    As part of a test codenamed “Big Tom,” the Department of Defense sprays Oahu, Hawaii’s most heavily populated island, with Bacillus globigii in order to simulate an attack on an island complex. Bacillus globigii causes infections in people with weakened immune systems, but this was not known to scientists at the time (Goliszek, Martin).

    (1966)

    U.S. Army scientists drop light bulbs filled with Bacillus subtilis through ventilation gates and into the New York City subway system, exposing more than one million civilians, including women and children, to the bacteria (Goliszek).

    (1967)

    The CIA places a chemical in the drinking water supply of the FDA headquarters in Washington, D.C. to see whether it is possible to spike drinking water with LSD and other substances (Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

    In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers inject pregnant women with radioactive cortisol to see if the radioactive material will cross the placentas and affect the fetuses (Goliszek).

    The U.S. Army pays Professor Kligman to apply skin-blistering chemicals to Holmesburg Prison inmates’ faces and backs, so as to, in Professor Kligman’s words, “learn how the skin protects itself against chronic assault from toxic chemicals, the so-called hardening process,” information which would have both offensive and defensive applications for the U.S. military (Kaye).

    Professor Kligman develops Retin-A as an acne cream (and eventually a wrinkle cream), turning him into a multi-millionaire (Kaye).

    Researchers paralyze 64 prison inmates in California with a neuromuscular compound called succinylcholine, which produces suppressed breathing that feels similar to drowning. When five prisoners refuse to participate in the medical experiment, the prison’s special treatment board gives researchers permission to inject the prisoners with the drug against their will (Greger).

    (196 8)

    Planned Parenthood of San Antonio and South Central Texas and the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education begin an oral contraceptive study on 70 poverty-stricken Mexican-American women, giving only half the oral contraceptives they think they are receiving and the other half a placebo. When the results of this study are released a few years later, it stirs tremendous controversy among Mexican-Americans (Sharav, Sauter).

    (1969)

    Experimental drugs are tested on mentally disabled children in Milledgeville, Ga., without any institutional approval whatsoever (Sharav).

    Judge Sam Steinfield’s dissent in Strunk v. Strunk, 445 S.W.2d 145 marks the first time a judge has ever suggested that the Nuremberg Code be applied in American court cases (Sharav).

    (1970)

    Under order from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which also sponsored the Tuskegee Experiment, the free childcare program at Johns Hopkins University collects blood samples from 7,000 African-American youth, telling their parents that they are checking for anemia but actually checking for an extra Y chromosome (XYY), believed to be a biological predisposition to crime. The program director, Digamber Borganokar, does this experiment without Johns Hopkins University’s permission (Greger, Merritte, et al.).

    1971
    An article entitled “Viral Infections in Man Associated with Acquired Immunological Deficiency States” appears in Federation Proceedings. Dr. MacArthur and Fort Detrick’s Special Operations Division have, at this point, been conducting mycoplasma research to create a synthetic immunosuppressive agent for about one year, again suggesting that this research may have produced HIV (Goliszek).

    (1973)

    An Ad Hoc Advisory Panel issues its Final Report on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, writing, “Society can no longer afford to leave the balancing of individual rights against scientific progress to the scientific community” (Sharav).

    (197 8)

    The CDC begins experimental hepatitis B vaccine trials in New York. Its ads for research subjects specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual men. Professor Wolf Szmuness of the Columbia University School of Public Health had made the vaccine’s infective serum from the pooled blood serum of hepatitis-infected homosexuals and then developed it in chimpanzees, the only animal susceptible to hepatitis B, leading to the theory that HIV originated in chimpanzees before being transferred over to humans via this vaccine. A few months after 1,083 homosexual men receive the vaccine, New York physicians begin noticing cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma, Mycoplasma penetrans and a new strain of herpes virus among New York’s homosexual community — diseases not usually seen among young, American men, but that would later be known as common opportunistic diseases associated with AIDS (Goliszek).

    (1980)

    According to blood samples tested years later for HIV, 20 percent of all New York homosexual men who participated in the 1978 hepatitis B vaccine experiment are HIV-positive by this point (Goliszek).

    The first AIDS case appears in San Francisco (Goliszek).

    (1981)

    The CDC acknowledges that a disease known as AIDS exists and confirms 26 cases of the disease — all in previously healthy homosexuals living in New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles — again supporting the speculation that AIDS originated from the hepatitis B experiments from 1978 and 1980 (Goliszek).

    (1982)

    Thirty percent of the test subjects used in the CDC’s hepatitis B vaccine experiment are HIV-positive by this point (Goliszek).

    (1985)

    A former U.S. Army sergeant tries to sue the Army for using drugs on him in without his consent or even his knowledge in United States v. Stanley, 483 U.S. 669. Justice Antonin Scalia writes the decision, clearing the U.S. military from any liability in past, present or future medical experiments without informed consent (Merritte, et al..)

    (1987)

    Philadelphia resident Doris Jackson discovers that researchers have removed her son’s brain post mortem for medical study. She later learns that the state of Pennsylvania has a doctrine of “implied consent,” meaning that unless a patient signs a document stating otherwise, consent for organ removal is automatically implied (Merritte, et al.).

    (198 8)

    (1988 - 2001) The New York City Administration for Children’s Services begins allowing foster care children living in about two dozen children’s homes to be used in National Institutes of Health-sponsored (NIH) experimental AIDS drug trials. These children — totaling 465 by the program’s end — experience serious side effects, including inability to walk, diarrhea, vomiting, swollen joints and cramps. Children’s home employees are unaware that they are giving the HIV-infected children experimental drugs, rather than standard AIDS treatments (New York City ACS, Doran).

    (1990)

    The United States sends 1.7 million members of the armed forces, 22 percent of whom are African-American, to the Persian Gulf for the Gulf War (”Desert Storm”). More than 400,000 of these soldiers are ordered to take an experimental nerve agent medication called pyridostigmine, which is later believed to be the cause of Gulf War Syndrome — symptoms ranging from skin disorders, neurological disorders, incontinence, uncontrollable drooling and vision problems — affecting Gulf War veterans (Goliszek; Merritte, et al.).

    The CDC and Kaiser Pharmaceuticals of Southern California inject 1,500 six-month-old black and Hispanic babies in Los Angeles with an “experimental” measles vaccine that had never been licensed for use in the United States. Adding to the risk, children less than a year old may not have an adequate amount of myelin around their nerves, possibly resulting in impaired neural development because of the vaccine. The CDC later admits that parents were never informed that the vaccine being injected into their children was experimental (Goliszek).

    The FDA allows the U.S. Department of Defense to waive the Nuremberg Code and use unapproved drugs and vaccines in Operation Desert Shield (Sharav).

    (1992)

    Columbia University’s New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine give 100 males — mostly African-American and Hispanic, all between the ages of six and 10 and all the younger brothers of juvenile delinquents — 10 milligrams of fenfluramine (fen-fen) per kilogram of body weight in order to test the theory that low serotonin levels are linked to violent or aggressive behavior. Parents of the participants received $125 each, including a $25 Toys ‘R’ Us gift certificate (Goliszek).

    (1994)

    President Clinton appoints the Advisory Commission on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE), which finally reveals the horrific experiments conducted during the Cold War era in its ACHRE Report.

    (1995)

    A 19-year-old University of Rochester student named Nicole Wan dies from participating in an MIT-sponsored experiment that tests airborne pollutant chemicals on humans. The experiment pays $150 to human test subjects (Sharav).

    In the Mar. 15 President’s Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE), former human subjects, including those who were used in experiments as children, give sworn testimonies stating that they were subjected to radiation experiments and/or brainwashed, hypnotized, drugged, psychologically tortured, threatened and even raped during CIA experiments. These sworn statements include:
    Christina DeNicola’s statement that, in Tucson, Ariz., from 1966 to 1976, “Dr. B” performed mind control experiments using drugs, post-hypnotic injection and drama, and irradiation experiments on her neck, throat, chest and uterus. She was only four years old when the experiments started.

    Claudia Mullen’s testimony that Dr. Sidney Gottlieb (of MKULTRA fame) used chemicals, radiation, hypnosis, drugs, isolation in tubs of water, sleep deprivation, electric shock, brainwashing and emotional, sexual and verbal abuse as part of mind control experiments that had the ultimate objective of turning her, who was only a child at the time, into the “perfect spy.” She tells the advisory committee that researchers justified this abuse by telling her that she was serving her country “in their bold effort to fight Communism.”

    Suzanne Starr’s statement that “a physician, who was retired from the military, got children from the mountains of Colorado for experiments.” She says she was one of those children and that she was the victim of experiments involving environmental deprivation to the point of forced psychosis, spin programming, injections, rape and frequent electroshock and mind control sessions. “I have fought self-destructive programmed messages to kill myself, and I know what a programmed message is, and I don’t act on them,” she tells the advisory committee of the experiments’ long-lasting effects, even in her adulthood (Goliszek).

    President Clinton publicly apologizes to the thousands of people who were victims of MKULTRA and other mind-control experimental programs (Sharav).

    President Clinton appoints the National Bioethics Advisory Committee (Sharav).

    Justice Edward Greenfield of the New York State Supreme Court rules that parents do not have the right to volunteer their mentally incapacitated children for non-therapeutic medical research studies and that no mentally incapacitated person whatsoever can be used in a medical experiment without informed consent (Sharav).

    (1996)

    Professor Adil E. Shamoo of the University of Maryland and the organization Citizens for Responsible Care and Research sends a written testimony on the unethical use of veterans in medical research to the U.S. Senate’s Committee on Governmental Affairs, stating: “This type of research is on-going nationwide in medical centers and VA hospitals supported by tens of millions of dollars of taxpayers money. These experiments are high risk and are abusive, causing not only physical and psychic harm to the most vulnerable groups but also degrading our society’s system of basic human values. Probably tens of thousands of patients are being subjected to such experiments” (”Testimony of Adil E. Shamoo, Ph.D.”).

    The Department of Defense admits that Gulf War soldiers were exposed to chemical agents; however, 33 percent of all military personnel afflicted with Gulf War Syndrome never left the United States during the war, discrediting the popular mainstream belief that these symptoms are a result of exposure to Iraqi chemical weapons (Merritte, et al.).

    President Clinton issues a formal apology to the subjects of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and their families (Sharav).

    (1997)

    In an experiment sponsored by the U.S. government, researchers withhold medical treatment from HIV-positive African-American pregnant women, giving them a placebo rather than AIDS medication (Sharav).

    (1999)

    Adil E. Shamoo, Ph.D. testifies on “The Unethical Use of Human Beings in High-Risk Research Experiments” before the U.S. House of Representatives’ House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, alerting the House on the use of American veterans in VA Hospitals as human guinea pigs and calling for national reforms (”Testimony of Adil E. Shamoo, Ph.D.”).

    Doctors at the University of Pennsylvania inject 18-year-old Jesse Gelsinger with an experimental gene therapy as part of an FDA-approved clinical trial. He dies four days later and his father suspects that he was not fully informed of the experiment’s risk (Goliszek)

    During a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of Propulsid for infant acid reflux, nine-month-old Gage Stevens dies at Children’s Hospital in Pittsburgh (Sharav).

    (2000)

    The U.S. Air Force and rocket maker Lockheed Martin sponsor a Loma Linda University study that pays 100 Californians $1,000 to eat a dose of perchlorate — a toxic component of rocket fuel that causes cancer, damages the thyroid gland and hinders normal development in children and fetuses — every day for six months. The dose eaten by the test subjects is 83 times the safe dose of perchlorate set by the State of California, which has perchlorate in some of its drinking water. This Loma Linda study is the first large-scale study to use human subjects to test the harmful effects of a water pollutant and is “inherently unethical,” according to Environmental Working Group research director Richard Wiles (Goliszek, Envirnomental Working Group).

    (2001)

    On its website, the FDA admits that its policy to include healthy children in human experiments “has led to an increasing number of proposals for studies of safety and pharmacokinetics, including those in children who do not have the condition for which the drug is intended” (Goliszek).

    In Higgins and Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger Institute The Maryland Court of Appeals makes a landmark decision regarding the use of children as test subjects, prohibiting non-therapeutic experimentation on children on the basis of “best interest of the individual child” (Sharav).

    (2002)

    President George W. Bush signs the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA), offering pharmaceutical companies six-month exclusivity in exchange for running clinical drug trials on children. This will of course increase the number of children used as human test subjects (Hammer Breslow).

      (2003)

      Two-year-old Michael Daddio of Delaware dies of congestive heart failure. After his death, his parents learn that doctors had performed an experimental surgery on him when he was five months old, rather than using the established surgical method of repairing his congenital heart defect that the parents had been told would be performed. The established procedure has a 90- to 95-percent success rate, whereas the inventor of the procedure performed on baby Daddio would later be fired from his hospital in 2004 (Willen and Evans, “Parents of Babies Who Died in Delaware Tests Weren’t Warned”).

      (2004)

      In his BBC documentary “Guinea Pig Kids” and BBC News article of the same name, reporter Jamie Doran reveals that children involved in the New York City foster care system were unwitting human subjects in experimental AIDS drug trials from 1988 to, in his belief, present times (Doran).

      (2005)

      In response to the BBC documentary and article “Guinea Pig Kids”, the New York City Administration of Children’s Services (ACS) sends out an Apr. 22 press release admitting that foster care children were used in experimental AIDS drug trials, but says that the last trial took place in 2001 and thus the trials are not continuing, as BBC reporter Jamie Doran claims. The ACS gives the extent and statistics of the experimental drug trials, based on its own records, and contracts the Vera Institute of Justice to conduct “an independent review of ACS policy and practice regarding the enrollment of HIV-positive children in foster care in clinical drug trials during the late 1980s and 1990s” (New York City ACS).

      Bloomberg releases a series of reports suggesting that SFBC, the largest experimental drug testing center of its time, exploits immigrant and other low-income test subjects and runs tests with limited credibility due to violations of both the FDA’s and SFBC’s own testing guidelines (Bloomberg).

      In October 2005, the American Chemistry Council gave the EPA $2.1 million to study how children ranging from infancy to three years old ingest, inhale or absorb chemicals. Like IG Farben was for the German pharmaceutical companies of Nazi Germany, the American Chemistry Council acts much like a front group for chemical industry bigwigs like Bayer (which was incidentally also a member of IG Farben), BP, Chevron, Dow, DuPont, Exxon, Honeywell, 3M, Monsanto and Procter & Gamble. Studies have already proven that the chemicals made by these companies have long-term effects on children and adults. A short, two-year study like CHEERS would of course fail to reveal these long-term effects and the American Chemistry Council could then publicize these findings as “proof” that its chemicals were safe.

      2006 - 2007

        Merck begins pushing U.S. states to mandate the vaccination of teenage girls with Gardasil, a vaccine they claim prevents HPV, a sexually-transmitted virus. In February 2007, Texas Gov. Rick Perry — who was revealed to have financial ties with Merck, the vaccine manufacturer — mandates the vaccine in teenage girls (see http://www.NaturalNews.com/021572.html ). A key Merck lobbyist named Mike Toomey, it turned out, had served as Gov. Rick Perry’s chief of staff.

      The Texas decision to mandate the vaccine was a notable and troubling milestone in public health policy because it is the first time a vaccine is mandated for a disease that cannot be contracted through casual contact in public schools. It also invoked “gunpoint medicine,” or the threat of arrest at gunpoint for not agreeing to receive state-mandated injections.

      The Gardasil vaccinations remain a grand medical experiment being performed on children because it is not yet known what the long-term side effects of the vaccination will be, nor whether the vaccinations will actually lower rates of cervical cancer as intended.

      2007

      Maryland’s governor and public health officials, fed up with the unwillingness of over 2,000 parents to have their children vaccinated, invoke gunpoint medicine yet again by threatening the parents with arrest and up to 30 days of imprisonment if they don’t submit their children to state-mandated vaccinations. The children and parents are later rounded up at a county courthouse, guarded by attack dogs and security personnel, while a district Judge oversees the mass injection of schoolchildren with vaccines that contain toxic mercury. (See http://www.NaturalNews.com/022242.html )

      Present day: New Jersey mandates the mass vaccination of all children with four different vaccines, stripping away the health freedoms of parents and unleashing a mass medical experiment that exploits the bodies of children and enriches pharmaceutical companies while criminalizing parents who refuse to participate.

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      University of New Hampshire. “Chronology of Cases Involving Unethical Treatment of Human Subjects.” Responsible Conduct of Research.

      University of Virginia Health System Health Sciences Library. “Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study.” 2004.

      U.S. Department of Energy. “Chapter 8: Postwar TBI-Effects Experimentation: Continued Reliance on Sick Patients in Place of Healthy “Normals.” Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE) Final Report.

      Veterans Health Administration. Project 112/Project SHAD. May 26, 2005.

      Willen, Liz and David Evans. “Doctor Who Died in Drug Test Was Betrayed by System He Trusted.” Bloomberg. Nov. 2, 2005.

      —. “Parents of Babies Who Died in Delaware Tests Weren’t Warned.” Bloomberg. Nov. 2, 2005.

        …SORRY, I HAVE TO GO BE SICK NOW…

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